“Indeed”George Washington wrote in his diary in 1785, “some kind of fly,or bug,had begun to eat the leaves before I left home.” But the father of America was not the father of bug.When Washington wrote that, Englishmen had been referring to insects as bugs for more than a century, and Americans had already created lightning-bug(螢火蟲). But the Enlish were soon to stop using the bugs in their language, leaving it to be the Americans to call a bug a bug in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.
The American bug could also be a person, referring to someone who was crazy about a particular activity.Although fan became the usual term, sports fans used to be called racing bugs, baseball bugs and the like.
Or the bug could be a small machine or object, for example, a bug-shaped car. The bug could also be a burlar alarm, from which comes the expression to bug, that is, “to install(安裝) an alarm”. Now it means a small piece of equipment that people use for listening secretly to others’ conversations.Since the 1840s,to bug has long meant “to cheat”,and since the 1994s it has been annoying.
We also know the bug as a flaw n a computer program or other design.That meaning dates back to the time of Tomas Edison.In 1878 he explained bugs as “l(fā)ittle problems and difficulties” that required months of stdy and labor to overcome in developing a successful product. In 1889 it was recorded that Edison “had been up the two previous nights discovering′a bug′ in his invented record player.”
小題1:We learn from Paragraph 1 that         .

A．American had difficulty in learning to use the word “bug”.

B．George Washinton was the first person to call the insect a bug.

C．the word bug was still popularly used in England in the nineteenth century.

D．both the Englishmen and Americans used the word bug in the gighteen century.

小題2:What does the word “flaw” in the last paragraph mean？

A．Explanation.

B．Finding.

C．Origin.

D．Fault.

小題3:The passage is mainly concerned with         .

A．the misunderstanding of thr word bug

B．the deveopment of the word bug

C．the public views of the word bug

D．the special characteristics of the word bug

Over the past few decades, more and more countries have opened up the markets, increasingly transforming the world economy into one free-flowing global market. The question is：Is economic globalization   50  for all?
According to the World Bank, one of its chief supporters, economic globalization has helped reduce   51  in a large number of developing countries. It quotes one study that shows increased wealth   52  to improved education and longer life in twenty-four developing countries as a result of integration (融合) of local economies into the world economy. Home to some three billion people, these twenty-four countries have seen incomes   53  at an average rate of five percent—compared to two percent in developed countries.
Those who   54  globalization claim that economies in developing countries will benefit from new opportunities for small and home-based businesses.   55 , small farmers in Brazil who produce nuts that would originally have sold only in   56  open-air markets can now promote their goods worldwide by the Internet.
Critics take a different view, believing that economic globalization is actually   57  the gap between the rich and poor. A study carried out by the U.N.-sponsored World Commission on the Social Dimension of Globalization shows that only a few developing countries have actually   58  from integration into the world economy and that the poor, the uneducated, unskilled workers, and native peoples have been left behind.   59 , they maintain that globalization may eventually threaten emerging businesses. For example, Indian craftsmen who currently seem to benefit from globalization because they are able to   60  their products may soon face fierce competition that could put them out of   61 . When large-scale manufacturers start to produce the same goods, or when superstores like Wal-Mart move in, these small businesses will not be able to   62  and will be crowded out.
One thing is certain about globalization—there is no   63 . Advances in technology combined with more open policies have already created an interconnected world. The   64  now is finding a way to create a kind of globalization that works for the benefit of all.                                                  (347 words)

小題1:	A．possible B．smooth C．good D．easy

小題2:	A．crime B．poverty C．conflict D．population

小題3:	A．contributing B．responding C．turning D．owing

小題4:	A．remain B．drop C．shift D．increase

小題5:	A．doubt B．define C．a(chǎn)dvocate D．ignore

小題6:	A．In addition B．For instance C．In other words D．All in all

小題7:	A．mature B．new C．local D．foreign

小題8:	A．finding B．exploring C．bridging D．widening

小題9:	A．suffered B．profited C．learned D．withdrawn

小題10:

A．Furthermore B．Therefore C．However D．Otherwise

小題11:

A．consume B．deliver C．export D．a(chǎn)dvertise

小題12:

A．trouble B．business C．power D．mind

小題13:

A．keep up B．come in C．go around D．help out

小題14:

A．taking off B．getting along C．holding out D．turning back

小題15:

A．a(chǎn)greement B．prediction C．outcome D．challenge

It is widely known that any English conversation begins with The Weather. Such a fixation with the weather finds expression in Dr. Johnson’s famous comment that “When two English meet, their first talk is of weather.” Though Johnson’s observation is as accurate now as it was over two hundred years ago, most commentators fail to come up with a convincing explanation for this English weather-speak.
Bill Bryson, for example, concludes that, as the English weather is not at all exciting, the obsession with it can hardly be understood. He argues that “To an outsider, the most striking thing about the English weather is that there is not very much of it.” Simply, the reason is that the unusual and unpredictable weather is almost unknown in the British Isles.
Jeremy Paxman, however, disagrees with Bryson, arguing that the English weather is by nature attractive. Bryson is wrong, he says, because the English preference for the weather has nothing to do with the natural phenomena. “The interest is less in the phenomena themselves, but in uncertainty.” According to him, the weather in England is very changeable and uncertain and it attracts the English as well as the outsider.
Bryson and Paxman stand for common misconceptions about the weather-speak among the English. Both commentators, somehow, are missing the point. The English weather conversation is not really about the weather at all. English weather-speak is a system of signs, which is developed to help the speakers overcome the natural reserve and actually talk to each other. Everyone knows conversations starting with weather-speak are not requests for weather data. Rather, they are routine greetings, conversation starters or the blank “fillers”. In other words, English weather-speak is a means of social bonding.
小題1:The author mentions Dr. Johnson’s comment to show that______.

A．most commentators agree with Dr. Johnson

B．Dr. Johnson is famous for his weather observation

C．the comment was accurate two hundred years ago

D．English conversations usually start with the weather

小題2:What does the underlined word “obsession” most probably refer to?

A．A social trend.

B．An emotional state.

C．A historical concept.

D．An unknown phenomenon.

小題3:According to the passage, Jeremy Paxman believes that______.

A．Bill Bryson has little knowledge of the weather

B．there is nothing special about the English weather

C．the English weather attracts people to the British Isles

D．English people talk about the weather for its uncertainty

小題4:What is the author’s purpose of writing the passage?

A．To explain what English weather-speak is about.

B．To analyse misconceptions about the English weather.

C．To find fault with both Bill Bryson and Jeremy Paxman.

D．To convince people that the English weather is changeable.

The National Gallery
Description:
The National Gallery is the British national art museum built on the north side of European art ranging from 13th-century religious paintings to more modern ones by Renoir and Van Gogh. The older collections of the gallery are reached through the main entrance while the more modern works in the East Wing are most easily reached from Trafalgar Square by a ground floor entrance
Layout:
The modern Sainsbury Wing on the western side of the building houses 13th-to15th-century paintings, and artists include Duccio, Uccello, Van Eyck, Lippi, Mantegna, Botticelli and Memling.
The main West Wing houses 16th-century paintings, and artists include Leonardo da Vinci, Cranach, Michelangelo, Raphael, Bruegel, Bronzino, Titan and Veronest.
The North Wing houses 17th-century paintings, and artists include Caravaggio, Rubens, Poussin, Van Dyck, Velazquez, Claude and Vermeer.
The East Wing houses 18th-to early 20th-century paintings, and artists include Canaletto, Goya, Turner, Constable, Renoir and Van Gogh
Opening Hours:
The Gallery is open every day from 10am to 6pm (Fridays 10anm to 9pm) and is free, but charges apply to some special exhibitions.
Getting There:
Nearest underground stations: Charing Cross (2-minute walk). Leicester Square (3-minute walk), Embankment (7-minute walk), and Piccadilly Circus(8-minute walk).
小題1:In which century’s collection can you see religious paintings?

A．The 13th

B．The 17th

C．The 18th

D．The 20th

小題2:Where are Leonardo da Vinci’s works shown?

A．In the East Wing.

B．In the main West Wing.

C．In the Sainsbury Wing.

D．In the North Wing.

小題3:Which underground station is closest to the National Gallery?

A．Piccadilly Circus.

B．Leicester Square.

C．Embankment.

D．Charing Cross.

Guide to Stockholm University Library
Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.
Zones
The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.
Computers
You can use your own computer to connect to the wi-fi specially prepared for notebook computers; you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.
Group-study Places
If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.
Storage of study material
The library has lockers for students to store course literature. When you have obtained at least 40 credits (學分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.
Rules to be followed
Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.
Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.
小題1:The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to ______.

A．read in a quiet place

B．have group discussions

C．take comfortable seats

D．get their computers fixed

小題2: Library computers on the ground floor ______.

A．help students with their field experiments

B．contain software essential for schoolwork

C．a(chǎn)re for those who want to access the wi-fi

D．a(chǎn)re mostly used for filling out application forms

小題3:What condition should be met to book a group-study room?

A．A group must consist of 8 people.

B．Three-hour use per day is the minimum.

C．One should first register at the university.

D．Applications must mark the room on the map.

小題4:A student can rent a locker in the library if he ______.

A．can afford the rental fee

B．a(chǎn)ttends certain courses

C．has nowhere to put his books.

D．has earned the required credits

小題5:What should NOT be brought into the library?

A．Mobile phones

B．Orange juice

C．Candy

D．Sandwiches

In 1947 a group of famous people from the art world headed by an Austrian conductor decided to hold an intemational festival of music,dance and theatre in Edinburgh. The idea was to reunite Europe after the Second World War.
At the same time, the “Fringe” appeared as a challenge to the official festival.Eight theatre groups turned up uninvited in 1947,in the belief that everyone should have the right to perform,and they did so in a public house disused for years.
Soon,groups of studentsfirstly from Edinburgh University, and later from the universities of Oxford and Cambridge,Durham and Birmingham were making the journey to the Scottish capital each summer to perform theatre by little-known writers of plays in small church halls to the people of Edinburgh.
Today the “Fringe”,once less recognized, has far outgrown the festival with around 1,500 performances of theatre,music and dance on every one of the 21 days it lasts. And yet as early as 1959,with only 19 theatre groups performing,some said it was getting too big.
A paid administrator was first employed only in 1971, and today there are eight administrators working all year round and the number rises to 150 during August itself. In 2004 there were 200 places housing 1,695 shows by over 600 different groups from 50 different countries. More than 1,25 million tickets were sold.
小題1:Point was the purpose of Edinburgh Festival at he beginning?

A．To bring Europe together again.

B．To honor heroes of World War 11.

C．To introduce young theatre groups.

D．To attract great artists from Europe.

小題2:Why did some uninvited theatre groups come to  Edinburgh in 1947?

A．They owned a public house there.

B．They came to take up a challenge.

C．They thought they were also famous.

D．They wanted to take part in the festival.

小題3:Who joined the "Fringe" after it appeared?

A．they owned a public house there

B．University students.

C．人rusts from around the world.

D．Performers of music and dance.

小題4:We may learn from the text that Edinburgh Festival.

A．has become a non-official event

B．has gone beyond an art festival

C．gives shows all year round

D．keeps growing rapidly

LONDON—Archaeologists have discovered a smaller prehistoric(史前) site near Britain’s famous circle of standing stones at Stonehenge.
Researchers have named the site “Bluehenge” after the color of the 27 Welsh stones that were laid to make up a path. The stones have disappeared, but the path of holes remains.
The new circle, unearthed over the summer by researchers from Sheffield University, represents an important find, researchers said Saturday. The site is about a mile away from Stonehenge.
Bluehenge, about 80 miles southwest of London, is believed to date back to about the time Stonehenge was built, about 5,000 years ago.
Mike Parker Pearson of Sheffield University said he believed the path and stonehenge itself were linked to rituals(儀式) of life and death.
Mike Parker suggested that the ancient funerary rituals began at a different circle site known as “Wood-henge”, which represented the world of the living. The bodies of the dead were then brought down the River Avon to Bluehenge, which represented death, and were finally carried along a ceremonial route known as the Avenue to Stonehenge.
Bournemouth University Professor Tim Darvill, an expert on Stonehenge, told Britain’s Dail Mail that Bluehenge “adds to the richness” of the ancient site’s story.
“This henge is very important because it forms part of the picture of ceremonial monuments in the area and puts Stonehenge into context,” Darvill was quoted(引述) as saying. “It’s no longer Stonehenge standing alone, but it has to be seen in context with the landscape.”
小題1:How many henges are mentioned in this passage?

A．Two

B．Three

C．Four

D．Five

小題2:Who believed the Stonehenge is related to ancient ritual of death?

A．Archaeologists from London	B．Welsh researchers
C．Mike Parker Pearson	D．Professor Tim Darvill

小題3:What does the underlined sentence “It’s no longer Stonehenge standing alone, but it has to be seen in context with the landscape.” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Stonehenge has noting to do with Bluehenge

B．Woodhenge represented the world of living in ancient times.

C．Bluehenge represented death

D．Stonehenge, Woodhenge and Bluehenge should be studied together

小題4:From the passage we can learn that ______.

A．researchers have named the site “Bluehenge,” because they have found blue huge stones there

B．funerary rituals were carried out along the path starting from Woodhenge, River Avon to Bluehenge, finally Stonehenge.

C．Bluehenge is 1 mile away from London

D．Bluehenge dates back to 2000 BC

It was in the Victorian Era (維多利亞時期) that the novel became the leading form of literature in English. Most writers were more concerned to meet the tastes of the middle class. The best known works of the period included the works of Charles Dickens and the Bronté sisters and others.
Charles Dickens came on the literary scene in the 1830s. Dickens wrote vividly about London life and the struggles of the poor. Most of his works were written in a very humorous style, which was popular with readers of all classes.
The Bronté sisters were English writers of the 1840s and 1850s. They began to write from early childhood. In 1846 they published the first book at their own expense as poets; however, their book attracted little attention, selling only two copies. Then the sisters turned to writing novels, each producing a novel in the following year.
An interest in rural(田園的) matters and the changing social and economic situation of the countryside may be seen in the novels of Thomas Hardy and a number of others.
Literature for children developed as a single style. Some works became well-known, such as those of Lewis Carroll and Edward Lear. Adventure novels were written for adults but are now generally grouped in the list for children. Helen Beatrix Potter was an English author at the end of the Victorian Era, best known for her children’s books, which featured (以……為特色) animal characters. In her thirties, Potter published the highly successful children’s book The Tale of Peter Rabbit in 1902.
小題1:What can we know about Charles Dickens from the text?

A．He showed an interest in rural matters in his writing.

B．He focused on changing social and economic situation of the countryside

C．He wrote about the struggles of the poor in London?

D．He published the highly successful children’s book

小題2:Which is TRUE about the Bronté sisters?

A．They were English writers of the 1830s.

B．They paid to have their first book published.

C．They began their writing from the rural life.

D．Their first book was successful.

小題3:Who wrote the famous children’s book The Tale of Peter Rabbit according to the text?

A．Lewis Carroll.	B．The Brontésisters.
C．Thomas Hardy.	D．Helen Beatrix Potter.

小題4:The author states in the last paragraph that ________.

A．Edward Lear was famous for writing about animals

B．a(chǎn)dventure novels were not written for children at first

C．Thomas Hardy was not as famous as Lewis Carroll

D．society changed rapidly in the Victorian Era

小題5:This text is mainly about ________.

A．literature in the Victorian Era

B．writing styles in the Victorian Era

C．famous works in the Victorian Era

D．the importance of literature in the Victorian Era

The question this week comes from our listener Herve Acard, who asks about the American word “OK”, which means “all right” or “acceptable”. It expresses agreement or approval. The word is used more often than any other word in the world.
Language expert Allen Walker Read said the word began as a short way of writing a different spelling of the words “all correct”. Old stories say some foreign-born people would write “all correct” as o-l-l k-o-r-r-e-c-t and spoke it as “OK”. Some people say it came from the Native American Indian tribe known as the Choctaws. The Choctaw word “okeh” means the same as the American word “OK”. Experts say early explorers in the Western America spoke the Choctaw language in the nineteenth century. The language spread across the country.
According to some people, “OK” was a way to shorten Greek words that mean everything is fine. It is also said that a railroad worker named Obadiah Kelly invented the word. He is said to have put the first letters of his names — O and K — on each object people gave him to place on the train.
Another explanation is that “OK” was invented by a political organization that supported Martin Van Buren for president in the 1800s. They called their organization the OK Club. The letters O and K were taken from the name of the town where Martin Van Buren was born — Old Kinderhook, New York.
Not everyone agrees with these explanations, but experts do agree that the word is purely American and has spread to almost every country on Earth. Yet in the United States, it is used mostly in speech. Serious writers prefer using words, such as “agree”, “approve” or “confirm” instead.
小題1:Where does the passage probably come from?

A．A newspaper.	B．A textbook.
C．A radio program.	D．A language magazine.

小題2:Of the following origins, which one has the same meaning as the American word “OK”?

A．The OK Club

B．The Choctaw word “okeh”

C．The word invented by Martin Van Buren

D．The short form of “all correct”

小題3:According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?
A. People disagree about the origin of “OK”.
B. “OK” is often used in formal writing in the USA.
C. The word “OK” is widely used all over the world.
D. Native American language once influenced American English.

THE BRONTE FAMILY
Yorkshire, England was the setting for two great novels of the 19th century. One of them is Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte.
The Bronte family had three girls and a boy. Charlotte was born in 1816, Emily was born in 1818 and Anne in 1820. Their brother Branwell was born in 1817. The children wrote and told stories and walked over the hills. They grew up largely self-educated.  Branwell showed a great interest in drawing.  The girls took positions as teachers or taught children in their homes. The girls were determined to earn money for Branwell's art education.
As children, the girls had all written many stories.  Charlotte alone wrote 22 books, each with 60 to 100 pages of small handwriting. Therefore, they turned to writing for income. By 1847, Charlotte had written The Professor; Emily, Wuthering Heights; and Anne, Agnes Grey.  After much difficulty, Anne and Emily found a publisher (出版商), but there was no interest shown in Charlotte's book. ( It was not published until 1859. ) However, one publisher expressed an interest in seeing more of her work. Jane Eyre was already started, and she hurriedly finished it. It was accepted at once; thus each of the sisters had a book published in 1847.
Jane Eyre was immediately successful; the other two, however, did not do so well. Emily lived only a short while after the publication of her book, and Anne died in 1849.
Charlotte published Shirley in 1849, and Villette in 1853. In 1854 she married Arthur Bell Nicholls. But only a year later, she died of tuberculosis (肺結核) as her sisters had.
小題1:What did the Bronte sisters want to do for Branwell Bronte?

A．Help him write stories.

B．Help him get trained in art.

C．Teach him how to draw well.

D．Teach him how to educate himself.

小題2:We know from the text that

A．Jane Eyre was published in 1847

B．Charlotte Bronte wrote 22 books in all

C．the Bronte sisters received good education

D．the father helped his daughters with their writing

小題3:The underlined words "the other two" in Paragraph 4 refer to ________.

A．Shirley and Villette

B．The Professor and Agnes Grey

C．Agnes Grey and Wuthering Heights

D．The Professor and Wuthering Heights

小題4:What do we know about the Bronte sisters from the text?

A．Their novels interested few publishers.

B．None of them lived longer than 40 years.

C．Emily was the least successful of the three.

D．None of them had more than two books published.