5.魏主欲變北俗，引見(jiàn)群臣�！�…帝曰：“今欲斷諸北語(yǔ)，一從正音。”材料所反映的是北魏孝文帝的哪一項(xiàng)改革措施

A.改穿漢服　　 　　 B.采用漢姓　　 C.使用漢語(yǔ)　　　 D.與漢人通婚

4.秦國(guó)太守李冰為消除水患、灌溉農(nóng)田、改善民生而修建的水利工程是

A.都江堰　　 　　　 B.鄭國(guó)渠　　 　　 C.靈渠　　 　　　 D.大運(yùn)河

3.漢代漢武帝為了鞏固大一統(tǒng)，在思想上采取的措施是

A.鼓勵(lì)推薦人才　 　　　　　　　　 B.頒布“推恩令”

C.“罷黜百家，獨(dú)尊儒術(shù)”　　　 　　 D.實(shí)行鹽鐵專營(yíng)

2.中國(guó)歷史上第一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的多民族的封建國(guó)家是

A.夏　　 　　　　　 B.商　　 　　　　 C.周　　 　　　　 D.秦

1.一個(gè)歐洲旅游團(tuán)隊(duì)要參觀我國(guó)到目前為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最早的原始人類(lèi)遺址，應(yīng)該去

A.北京西南周口店　　　　　　　　　 B.浙江余姚河姆渡鎮(zhèn)

C.陜西西安半坡村　　　　　　　　　 D.云南元謀縣

首先要通讀全題，弄清實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模瑢?shí)驗(yàn)原理，然后運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)大膽遷移，同時(shí)針對(duì)題干中信息準(zhǔn)確細(xì)心答題，注重每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，特別提醒

(1)注意填寫(xiě)容量瓶時(shí)，需帶容積規(guī)格

(2)化學(xué)用語(yǔ)的規(guī)范：如將溶液“褪色”寫(xiě)成“退色”、注意“褪色”與“變色”的差別、“坩堝”寫(xiě)成“坩鍋”、“溶”與“熔”的差別、分液漏斗的“開(kāi)關(guān)”應(yīng)為“活塞”、氣 體“跑掉”應(yīng)為“逸出”等

(3)答題的規(guī)范性：如基本操作表達(dá)不完整(檢查氣密性、沉淀的洗滌、檢驗(yàn)沉淀是否完全、焰色反應(yīng)等)；答題空泛、復(fù)雜而不切合題示信息；答題未找到根本原因，因果關(guān)系不明了等

(4)按要求填寫(xiě)“數(shù)字”或是“字母”，“偏高”或是“偏多”等

[例2-1]：凱氏定氮法測(cè)定奶粉中蛋白質(zhì)含量的步驟如下：

① 樣品處理：準(zhǔn)確稱取奶粉試樣1.000 g置于燒瓶中，加入足量不含氮元素的試劑A，一定條件下充分反應(yīng)，產(chǎn)物用水溶解并冷卻后全部轉(zhuǎn)移至100 mL容量瓶中定容。

② 堿化蒸餾：量取容量瓶中溶液10.00 mL轉(zhuǎn)移至右圖所示的反應(yīng)管中，再加入足量NaOH溶液，塞好進(jìn)樣口橡皮塞。通入高溫水蒸氣。用吸收劑吸收產(chǎn)生的氣體。

③ 滴定：向吸收氣體后的溶液中滴加2滴指示劑，用0.01 mol/LHCl標(biāo)準(zhǔn)溶液滴定至終點(diǎn)。

已知：吸收劑中發(fā)生的反應(yīng)為：NH₃+4H₃BO₃＝NH₄HB₄O₇+5H₂O；

滴定時(shí)發(fā)生的反應(yīng)為：NH₄HB₄O₇+HCl+5H₂O＝NH₄Cl+4H₃BO₃。

根據(jù)以上知識(shí)回答下列問(wèn)題：

⑴　　 　樣品處理的目的是　　 ；通入高溫水蒸汽的作用除加熱外，還有　 　　。

⑵ 冷凝管的作用是冷凝、導(dǎo)氣、　 　　。

⑶ 若蛋白質(zhì)中氮元素的平均含量為16.0　%，滴定終點(diǎn)時(shí)消耗鹽酸標(biāo)準(zhǔn)液15.50 mL，則該奶粉中蛋白質(zhì)的含量為　 ▲　 %。

⑷ 凱氏定氮法測(cè)定奶粉中蛋白質(zhì)含量靈敏度高，操作簡(jiǎn)單，缺點(diǎn)是　 ▲　 。

�？键c(diǎn):

1化學(xué)常識(shí)和社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)　 2.基本化學(xué)用語(yǔ)　 3.阿伏加德羅常數(shù) 　4.化學(xué)基本概念

5化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)　 　6、化學(xué)反應(yīng)與能量　 7、氧化還原反應(yīng)的概念及計(jì)算

8、離子共存問(wèn)題　　　 9、元素周期律和元素周期表　 10、離子方程式正誤判斷

11有機(jī)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) 12.電化學(xué)基礎(chǔ) 13.離子濃度及大小比較14.化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率 化學(xué)平衡

解選擇題時(shí)的重點(diǎn)^____審題

(1)注意選擇題(特別是多選題)要求：正確的還是錯(cuò)誤的(或不正確的)

(2)N_A相關(guān)考題需觀察全面、細(xì)致：與體積相關(guān)的是否為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)狀態(tài)、氣體；

(3)離子方程式的正誤判斷觀察需全面、細(xì)致：反應(yīng)方程式是否存在或合理；改寫(xiě)是否正確(注意區(qū)別膠體與沉淀)；電荷、原子是否守恒；隱含的反應(yīng)是否遺漏(生成物與反應(yīng)物不共存、隱含的氧化性物質(zhì)等)；方程式與所給的“量”的條件是否切合“過(guò)量”，“適量”，“足量”，“少量”。等

(4)在審題時(shí)注意關(guān)鍵文字信息，比如離子共存題中“無(wú)色溶液”， “酸性溶液”， “堿性溶液”；“一定”，“可能”，“一定不能” 等。元素周期表知識(shí)中“短周期元素”還是“前20號(hào)元素”等等。

(5)判斷型選擇題(“下列說(shuō)法正確的是”)，考慮必須周全，切不可受習(xí)慣意識(shí)支配。

(6)注意題干中“混合物”、“化合物”“單質(zhì)”等要求

1.　 The Olympic Games, _____ in 776 BC., didn’t include women players until 1912.

A. first played　　 　　　　　　　 B. to be first played

C. first playing　　　 　　　　　 D. to be first playing

2.　　　 –I must apologize for _____ ahead of time.　 –That's all right.

A. letting you not know　　 　　　B. not letting you know

C. letting you know not　　　　　 D. letting not you know

3.　　　 –You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.

–Well, now I regret _____ that.

A. to do　　　 　 B. to be doing　 C. to have done　　 D. having done

4.　　　 The salesman scolded the girl caught _____ and left her off.

A. to have stolen　　　　　　　　 B. to be stealing

C. to steal　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. stealing

5.　　　 The first textbooks _____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

A. having written　　　　　　　　 　 B. to be written

C. being written　　　　　　　　　　 D. written

6.　　　 The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _____ that he had enjoyed his stay here.

A. having added　 B. to add　　　 C. adding　　　　 D. added

7.　　　 The patient was warned _____ oily food after the operation.

A. to eat not　　　　 B. eating not　 C. not to eat　 D. not eating

8.　　　 –Can you spare me some time?　 –I'm afraid not. I have lots of letters _____.

A. doing with　　 B. to do for　　　 C. to deal　　 D. to deal with

9.　　　 I can't understand _____ at that poor child.

A. you to laugh　 B. you laughing C. you laugh　　 D. why laugh

10.　　 We must set about _____ our lesson for the mid-term examination.

A. reviewing　　 B. reviewed　　　 C. to review　　 D. to reviewing

11.　　 I found John _____ the desk, _____ his homework carefully.

A. seated at; to do　　　　　　　 B. sitting at; doing

C. sat at; does　　　　　　　　　 D. taking his seat at; to do

12.　　 _____, he suddenly found the shop he was looking for.

A. When he turns round　　　　　　 B. To turn the left

C. Turned backward　　　　　　　 D. Turning to the left

13.　　 Is this the watch you wish _____?

A. to have repaired　　　　　　　 B. to repair it

C. to have it repaired　　　 　　　 D. will be repaired

14.　　 This is the problem _____ at the next meeting.

A. to discussing　　 　　　　　　　 B. to be discussed

C. discussed　　 　 D. being discussed

15.　　 _____ many times, but he still couldn't understand it.

A. Having been told　　　　　　　 B. Though he had been told

C. He was told　　　　　　　　　 D. Having told

16.　　 It is considered no good _____ in the hotel.

A. recite　 B. to be recited　　 C. recited　　　　 D. reciting

17.　　 With lost of trees _____, the house is not easily found.

A. to surround　　 　　　　　　　　 B. surrounding

C. having surrounded　　 　　　　 D. surrounded

18.　　 –Did you get your pay?

　　 –Yes, I remember _____. But I forget the exact amount.

A. paying　　　 B. to be paid　　 C. being paid　　 D. having paid

19.　　 Many teachers were praised at the meeting, Mr. Zhou _____.

A. including　 B. being included　 C. to include　 D. included

20.　　 I _____ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.

A. cannot but admit　　　　　　　 B. cannot but to admit

C. cannot but admitting　　　　　 D. cannot help but admitting

21.　　 Professor Smith is said _____ another important discovery in chemistry.

A. having made　 B. making　　　 C. to have made　　 D. to make

22.　　 _____ by the appearance, he has just been frightened at the terrible news.

A. Judged　　 　 B. To be judged　 C. Judging　　　 D. Judge

23.They used what they had _____ for their daughter.

A. to buy a new dress　　　　　　 B. buying a new clothes

C. bought a new suit　　　　　　　 D. buy a new clothing

24.I don't mind _____ the decision as long as it is not too late.

A. you to delay making　　　　　　B. your delaying making

C. your delaying to make　　　　　D. you delay to make

25.The sale usually takes place outside the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs or boxes.

A. having seated　　 　　　　　　 B. seating

C. seated　　　 　　　　　　　　　 D. having been seated

01-05：ABDDD　　 06-10：CCDBA　 11-15：BDABC　 16-20：DDCDA

21-25：CCABC

3. NH₄⁺的檢驗(yàn)方法：加　　 液，加熱，放出可使?jié)駶?rùn)的紅色石蕊試紙變　　 的氣體。

原理為：　　　　　　　　　　　　　

2.化學(xué)性質(zhì)

①受熱易分解：

NH₄Cl 　　　　　　　　　　　　NH₄HCO₃

②與堿的反應(yīng)：(用于制NH₃和檢驗(yàn)NH₄⁺)

(NH₄)₂SO₄+NaOH 　　　　　　NH₄Cl + Ca(OH)₂