3、補語：過去分詞作賓語補語，表示賓語與補語存在被動關(guān)系，且常用于have something done / get something done / make oneself done ….等句型中。

e.g.　 Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-maker’s.

2、狀語：過去分詞短語作狀語可分為：一般式(done)：表示分詞動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生或分詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作前；完成式(having been done)：強調(diào)分詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前。

Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.

　　　 　 Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.

1、定語：單一的過去分詞作定語一般放于被修飾的名詞前，過去分詞短語作定語放于被修飾的名詞后，過去分詞及過去分詞短語作定語均可以發(fā)展為一個定語從句。

　　　　 The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.

　　　 The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.

　　　　 過去分詞短語作定語有三種時態(tài)：done….：表示動作已發(fā)生；to be done：表示動作將要發(fā)生；being done：表示動作正在發(fā)生。對比以下三句：

　　　 The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.

　　　 The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.

　　　 The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.

5、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)：現(xiàn)在分詞短語作獨立結(jié)構(gòu)時，是固定說法，不以主動、被動去分析。常見的有：generally speaking, judging from/by, considering…

　　　 Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.

過去分詞：過去分詞和過去分詞短語在句中可作：

4、表語：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語，表示主語的特點，可以看作形容詞，是形容詞化的現(xiàn)在分詞。

　　　　 The film was very interesting.

3、補語：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補語，表示賓語的一個正在進行的動作，用于一些常見句型中:

　　　　 see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send…. sb. doing sth.

　　　　 The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.

2、狀語：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語可分為：一般式(doing)：表示分詞動作與謂語動作同時發(fā)生；完成式(having done)：表示分詞動作發(fā)生于謂語動作之前。

　　　 The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.

　　 　　 Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.

[要點點撥]分詞可分為：現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩類。

現(xiàn)在分詞: 現(xiàn)在分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中可作：

1、定語：單個的現(xiàn)在分詞作定語一般放于被修飾的名詞前，現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語應放被修飾的名詞后，現(xiàn)在分詞及現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語時均可以發(fā)展為一個定語從句。

　　　　 The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.

7、獨立結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作插入語。常用的有：to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse…

6、補語：1)賓補： He asked me to do work with him.

　　　　 2)主補： She was often heard to sing the song while doing housework.