解:(1)3:8=x:2.4,
8x=3×2.4,
8x÷8=7.2÷8,
x=0.9;
(2)
x÷
=15,
x=15,
x×
=15×
,
x=9;
(3)
=
,
0.4x=12.8×0.1,
0.4x÷0.4=1.28÷0.4,
x=3.2;
(4)[1-(
+
)]÷
,
=[1-
]
,
=
×
,
=
;
(5)(
+
)×8×3,
=
×8×3+
×8×3,
=3+8,
=11.
分析:(1)先根據(jù)比例的基本性質(zhì),把原式轉(zhuǎn)化為8x=3×2.4,再根據(jù)等式的性質(zhì),在方程兩邊同時(shí)除以8求解.
(2)先化簡(jiǎn),再根據(jù)等式的性質(zhì),在方程兩邊同時(shí)乘上
求解.
(3)先根據(jù)比例的基本性質(zhì),把原式轉(zhuǎn)化為0.4x=12.8×0.1,再根據(jù)等式的性質(zhì),在方程兩邊同時(shí)除以0.4求解.
(4)根據(jù)四則混合運(yùn)算的計(jì)算順序進(jìn)行計(jì)算.
(5)根據(jù)乘法分配律來(lái)進(jìn)行計(jì)算.
點(diǎn)評(píng):本題主要考查了學(xué)生解方程和在計(jì)算中靈活運(yùn)用簡(jiǎn)便算法的能力.