Question

6．實驗室配制一定溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)的氯化鈉溶液的操作過程如圖所示．
（1）需量取水的體積為68mL．
（2）上述溶液取10g加水40g進(jìn)行稀釋，所得氯化鈉溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是3%．

Answer 1

分析 （1）利用溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)，可根據(jù)溶液的質(zhì)量和溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)計算配制溶液所需要的溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量；再根據(jù)溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量即可求得水的質(zhì)量．
（2）根據(jù)溶液稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變，結(jié)合題意進(jìn)行分析解答．

解答 解：（1）溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)，配制15%的氯化鈉溶液80g，需氯化鈉的質(zhì)量=80g×15%=12g；溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量，則所需水的質(zhì)量=80g-12g=68g（合68mL）．
（2）溶液具有均一性，取出的溶液溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為15%，取10g加水40g進(jìn)行稀釋，溶液稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變，則所得氯化鈉溶液的溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是$\frac{10g×15%}{10g+40g}$×100%=3%．
故答案為：（1）68；（2）3%．

點評 本題難度不大，掌握溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量×溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)、溶劑質(zhì)量=溶液質(zhì)量-溶質(zhì)質(zhì)量、溶液稀釋前后溶質(zhì)的質(zhì)量不變是正確解答本題的關(guān)鍵．