20．A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires，tubes sticking out of the chest．It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin．
Two surgeons from the University of Louisville implanted（植入）the titanium（鈦）and plastic pump during a seven-hour operation at Jewish Hospital Monday．The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive''Tuesday and resting comfortably．It refused to eve personal details．
The patient had been expected to die within a month without the operation，and doctors said they expected the artificial heart to extend the person's life by only a month．But the device is considered a major step toward improving the patient's quality of life．
The new pump，called AbioCor，is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the l980s，which were attached by wires and tubes to large machinery outside the body．The most famous of those，the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and was attached to an apparatus（器械）about the size of a washing machine．
"I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development，''said Dr．David Faxon，president of the American heart Association．However，he said the dream of an implantable，permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality："This is obviously an experimental device whose long-term success has to be demonstrated．"Only about half of the 4，200Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received  themlast year，and most of the rest died．
Some doctors，including Robert Higgins，chairman of cardiology（心臟病學(xué)）at the Medical College of Virginia in Richmond，said artificial hearts are unlikely to replace donor hearts．"A donor heart in a good transplant can last l5to 30years．''he said．"It's going be hard to replace that with a machine．''

56．The self-contained artificial heartC．
A．is made of titanium and pump
B．brought the patient to the brink of death
C．gets power from a battery pack without wires
D．was invented by two surgeons from University of Louisville
57．From the text we can knowB．
A．the patient recovered completely
B．the patient got better after the operation
C．the patient refused to obtain a donor heart
D．the patient died a month later after the heart implantation
58．What can we learn about the Jarvic-7？B
A．It is a technological leap today．
B．It could be used most widely in the l980s．
C．It is as advanced as AbioCor．
D．It must be attached to a washing machine．
59．Dr．David Faxon thinks the self-contained heartD．
A．has achieved a long-term success
B．will replace donor hearts
C．is an implantable and permanent artificial heart
D．is still in the experimental stage
60．What does the underlined word"them''in Paragraph 5refer to？A
A．donor hearts           B．a(chǎn)rtificial hearts
C．experimental devices   D．heart operations．

分析 首例整套人工心臟移植
一位病危的患者接受了世界上第一個整套人工心臟移植--一個壘球般大小、由電池驅(qū)動的裝置．這個裝置運行時不需要電線，且患者胸部不必附帶軟管
周一，在猶太醫(yī)院內(nèi)，兩名來自路易斯維爾大學(xué)的醫(yī)生經(jīng)過7小時的手術(shù)，給病人植入了鈦和塑料的泵狀心臟．該醫(yī)院聲稱，病人已于周二蘇醒，反應(yīng)靈敏，且正在安逸地休息．但拒絕透露病人的個人信息．
醫(yī)生說，病人如果不做手術(shù)，可能在一個月內(nèi)死亡，院方預(yù)計此人工心臟僅能延長病人一個月的壽命．但這一裝置卻被視為改善病人生命質(zhì)量的重要一步．
這種稱作AbioCor的新泵，與20世紀(jì)80年代那種通過管線與體外龐大機械相連的機械心臟相比，也是一項技術(shù)飛躍．那些舊機械心臟當(dāng)中最為著名的便是Jarvic-7型，其采用空氣作為泵輸出裝置，與一個洗衣機般大小的器械相連接．
美國心臟協(xié)會主席David Faxon博士說："這可能是人工心臟發(fā)展中的重大飛躍．"但他還說，可植入的永久性人工心臟這一夢想還不現(xiàn)實，"很顯然，這只是一個實驗裝置，能否長期成功還有待證實．"等待別人捐獻心臟的4 200個美國人中去年只有大約一半人接受到捐獻，剩余的大部分人都死亡了．
包括里士滿弗吉尼亞醫(yī)學(xué)院心臟病學(xué)主任Robert Higgins在內(nèi)的一些醫(yī)生說，人工心臟不太可能替代捐獻的心臟．
"如果移植得好，一個捐獻的心臟可存活15-30年，"他說，"而這一點機器是很難代替的．"

解答 CBBDA
56．答案 C 細節(jié)理解題  根據(jù)第一段A patient on the brink of death has received the world's first self-contained artificial heart-a battery-powered device about the size of a softball that runs without the need for wires，tubes sticking out of the chest．It is powered by a small battery pack worn outside the body that transmits current through the skin．可知，人工心臟需要電池供電，不需要電線，故答案為C
57．答案 B 推理判斷題  根據(jù)The hospital said the patient was"awake and responsive''Tuesday and resting comfortably可知，術(shù)后病人狀況很好，故答案為B
58．答案 B 細節(jié)理解題 根據(jù)The new pump，called AbioCor，is also a technological leap from the mechanical hearts used in the l980s，…The most famous of those，the Jarvic-7，used air as a pumping device and…可知，Jarvic-7主要用于二十世紀(jì)八十年代，故答案為B
59．答案 D 推理判斷題 根據(jù)I think it's potentially a major step forward in the artificial heart development，''he said the dream of an implantable，permanent artificial heart is not yet a reality可知，David Faxon博士說這是一個巨大的飛躍，但仍然處于實驗階段，故答案為D
60．答案 A  詞義猜測題  根據(jù)．"Only about half of the 4，200Americans on a waiting list for donor hearts received themlast year，可知等待別人捐獻心臟的4 200個美國人中去年只有大約一半人接受到捐獻，此處的them指的是捐獻者的心臟，故答案為A

點評 科普類閱讀理解題主要考查考生對書面語篇的整體領(lǐng)悟能力和接受及處理具體信息的能力．試題的取材，密切聯(lián)系當(dāng)前我國和世界經(jīng)濟、科技等方面的變化，有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)的來源真實可信．因此科普知識類文章是每年的必考題．分析歷年的科普類文章我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)以下特點：
1、文章邏輯性強，條理清楚，語法結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，用語通俗．
2、文章內(nèi)容注重科技領(lǐng)域的新發(fā)現(xiàn)．內(nèi)容新穎，從而使文章顯得陌生，內(nèi)容抽象復(fù)雜．
3、命題方面注意對具體細節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確理解和以之為依據(jù)的推理判斷．
4、以人們的日常行為或飲食健康入手，探討利弊，詮釋過程，闡述概念．

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科目：高中英語 來源： 題型：閱讀理解

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What's the difference between a left wag and a   right wag？Professor Vallortigara and his colleagues have studied 43 dogs of various breeds-German Shepherds，Beagles，Boxers，Border Collies and some mutts．They find that if a dog wags its tail to the left，it's feeling anxious or nervous．The reason could be an unfamiliar or dangerous situation，an unfamiliar person，or an unfamiliar and possibly threatening dog．But if the tail is wagging to the right，it means the dog is feeling relaxed and approachable．
"The tail is a very important signal，"said Thomas Reimchen，a biologist at the University of Victoria in British Columbia，Canada．"There is a lot of visual information that dogs use when communicating with each other．"
How did the scientists figure all this information out？They had the dogs in their study watch videotapes of other dogs．When the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the right，they say the other dogs remained calm and cool．But when the dog on the tape wagged its tail to the left，the other dogs got anxious．
The researchers are still not exactly sure if the direction of tail wagging is something the dog does consciously．They suspect that it might be something the dog does without even thinking about it-kind of like when you get goose bumps if something scares or startles you．They plan to do more research to get more information about what dogs are thinking and feeling while they're wagging．As Reimchen said，"I'm not going to be surprised if we find all sorts of really interesting processes that nobody has ever seen before．"
 
64．Professor Vallortigara'study focused on the relationship betweenB．
A．a(chǎn) dog's state of mind and its owner's feeling
B．a(chǎn) dog's state of mind and the direction of its tail wagging
C．a(chǎn) dog's sense of direction and its state of mind
D．a(chǎn) dog's intention of tail wagging and its feeling      
65．According to the study，dogs which wag their tails to the left may feelD．
A．calm        B．happy         C．a(chǎn)ngry         D．a(chǎn)nxious
66．It is implied in Thomas Reimchen's words in Paragraph 4 thatC．
A．dogs'tails play an important role in their growth
B．dogs show their feelings only by wagging their tails
C．dogs get to know others by watching tail wagging 
D．dogs can understand each other by repeating tail wagging
67．How does the passage mainly develop？A
A．By asking and analyzing questions       
B．By making comparisons．
C．By following the order of time．
D．By providing examples．

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A．arrivedB．to arriveC．having arrivedD．and arrived

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