12.Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture.Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock.These stages are general and should only be used as a reference.Not every individual will go through each stage,and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals.
The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional"roller coaster"they seem to be riding.One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture,and the next moment very negative.It seems common that international visitors and immigrants  vacillate  between loving and hating a new country.Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging.
Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture.There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep.This is due not only to physical tiredness,but also to mental fatigue.This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language,and coping with new situations.
The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person.There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture.Four factors which play into these are personality,language ability,length of stay,and the emotional support received.
It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented.One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home.Pictures,wall hangings,favorite utensils,and keepsakes(紀(jì)念品)are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar.Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time.Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture.This will make people feel more at home.

53.A person experiencing"culture shock"is mostly likeD.
A.a(chǎn) dog without shelter     B.a(chǎn) bird back home
C.a(chǎn) horse lack of training  D.a(chǎn) fish out of water
54.What does the underlined word"vacillate"in the second paragraph mean?A
A.hesitate  B.stop  C.watch  D.suffer
55.What is the result for one experiencing"culture shock"?D
A.Seeming to be riding a roller coater.
B.Having to agree on five basic stages.
C.Having all home things taken abroad.
D.Suffering both physically and mentally.
56.To overcome"culture shock",one had betterA.
A.make some necessary changes in one's way of life
B.recall part of regular routine in the home country
C.buy a few reminders like pictures or wall hangers
D.enjoy things brought from home country more often.

分析 本文是一篇說(shuō)明文.主要闡述了有關(guān)文化沖擊的問(wèn)題.文化沖擊影響著人們,且會(huì)經(jīng)歷許多階段. 對(duì)不同的個(gè)體經(jīng)歷的階段可能會(huì)長(zhǎng)于另一個(gè)人.對(duì)大多數(shù)旅行者來(lái)說(shuō)最難處理的是情緒上的波動(dòng),在面對(duì)一個(gè)新國(guó)家時(shí),愛(ài)與憎恨猶豫不決,分離和疏遠(yuǎn)愈加強(qiáng)烈.對(duì)新的文化,產(chǎn)生身體和精神上的疲勞;對(duì)文化沖擊的影響因人而異,個(gè)性,語(yǔ)言能力,時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短,個(gè)人的情緒等.也有一些方法可以解決新文化所來(lái)的沖擊.接觸一些與家鄉(xiāng)有聯(lián)系的物品/提示物品;進(jìn)行一些在自己國(guó)家養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣活動(dòng)常規(guī).

解答 53.D     推理判斷題.根據(jù)第三段中的"Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture"及第五段中的"when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented"可知,當(dāng)人們面臨新文化的影響和沖擊時(shí),身心會(huì)受到很大影響和不適,會(huì)失去判斷力,分不清方向或目標(biāo),就如同離開(kāi)了水的魚.故選D.
54.A      詞義猜測(cè)題.根據(jù)第二段中的"One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture,and the next moment very negative"可知,當(dāng)人們受不同文化影響時(shí),所呈現(xiàn)的態(tài)度時(shí)而積極,時(shí)而消極,態(tài)度搖擺不定,即"猶豫不決",故選A.
55.D     細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)第三段中的"Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture和This is due not only to physical tiredness,but also to mental fatigue"可知,人們受不同的新文化影響時(shí),會(huì)遭受身心上的極度倦怠,故選D.
56.A     細(xì)節(jié)理解題.根據(jù)文章最后一段中的"One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home和Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time"可知,為了克服文化沖擊,可以有一些方法來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì):接觸一些與家鄉(xiāng)有聯(lián)系的物品/提示物品;進(jìn)行一些在自己國(guó)家養(yǎng)成的習(xí)慣活動(dòng)常規(guī).故選A.

點(diǎn)評(píng) 解答細(xì)節(jié)理解題時(shí),一個(gè)常用的方法就是運(yùn)用定位法,即根據(jù)題干和選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子,與選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案;推理判斷題既要求學(xué)生透過(guò)文章表面文字信息推測(cè)文章隱含意思,又要求學(xué)生對(duì)作者的態(tài)度、意圖及文章細(xì)節(jié)的發(fā)展作正確的推理判斷,力求從作者的角度去考慮,不要固守自己的看法或觀點(diǎn).

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