C
When an ant dies, other ants take it out of the nest, often within an hour after its death. This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure--and so soon--that another ant is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead--take me away” when it is dead.
One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.
But there's a question to answer: As we know, if an ant is dead, it stops moving. But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious, it is also not moving. However, other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest. How do they know this ant is not dead? Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies, which tells nearby ants something like, “Wait—I'm not dead yet” when it is not dead. Choe suspects that when an ant dies, the chemical that says, “Wait— I'm not dead yet” quickly goes away. When other ants detect the “dead” chemical without the “not dead yet” chemical, they move away the body.
To test his theory, Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants. When the scientists used the “I'm dead” chemical, other ants quickly moved the treated ant away. When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants. And that when an ant dies, the “not dead yet” chemical fades away. Other nearby ants then detect the remaining “dead” chemical and remove the body from the nest.
Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems.
小題1:What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．Leading the following paragraphs.
B．Showing the main idea of the passage.
C．Introducing the background of the passage.
D．Giving a summary of the passage.
小題2:Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word “overrides” in the fourth paragraph?
A．is weaker thanB．is stronger thanC．is better thanD．is worse than
小題3:What can we learn from the passage?
A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving.
B．When an ant dies, it can tell others using a certain chemical.
C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical.
D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other.
小題4:Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right?
A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places.
B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals, especially in ants.
C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory.
D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own.

小題1:A
小題2:B
小題3:B
小題4:C

試題分析：
【文章大意】本文是一篇科普文章。文章講述了螞蟻是怎樣得知螞蟻死了，然后把它弄出螞蟻洞的。文章通過實(shí)驗(yàn)研究得知：在死去螞蟻的身體外面發(fā)出一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，告訴其他螞蟻“它已經(jīng)死了”。
小題1:A考查作者的寫作意圖。文章的第一段提出問題吸引讀者，并引出下文科學(xué)家要解決的問題。所以第一段起的是統(tǒng)領(lǐng)全文的作用。故選A。
小題2:B考查猜測(cè)詞義。根據(jù)文章第四段中的When the scientists used the “Wait—I'm not dead yet” chemical, other ants left the treated ant alone. Choe believes this behavior shows that the “not dead yet” chemical overrides the “dead” chemical when picked up by other ants.可知，當(dāng)“I'm not dead”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)超過“I'm dead”的化學(xué)物質(zhì)時(shí)，其他螞蟻才不理這些螞蟻。故此處overrides是“強(qiáng)于，超過”的意思。選B。
小題3:B考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，螞蟻死后有一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)給其他螞蟻發(fā)出信號(hào)告訴它們“它已經(jīng)死了”。故選B。其他三項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容不符。
小題4:C考查推理判斷。根據(jù)文章第二段中的One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behavior. Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist, a scientist who studies animals and plants. He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants, “I’m dead---take me away” when it is dead.可知，Choe先提出理論，然后證實(shí)了他的理論。故選C。
練習(xí)冊(cè)系列答案
相關(guān)習(xí)題

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People have always been dreaming of going to the moon. As long as the year 1901, H. G. Wells, an English writer, wrote a book vividly describing a trip to the moon. On landing there, the explorers discovered that the moon was full of underground cities. Words failed to express their surprise when they spotted so many “moon people”. The “moon people” felt even more surprised. “Why,” they asked, “are you traveling to outer space when you don’t even use your inner space?”
H. G. Wells could only imagine a travel to the moon. In 1969, human beings really left their footsteps on the moon. People today know that there are no underground cities on the moon. However, the question that the “moon people” asked is still an interesting one. A growing number of scientists are seriously thinking about it.
Underground systems are already in place. Many cities have underground car parks. In some cities, such as Tokyo, Seoul and Montreal, there are large underground shopping areas. The “Channel”, a tunnel connecting England and France, is now complete.
But what about underground cities? Japan’s Taisei Corporation is designing a network of underground systems, called “Alice Cities”. The designers imagine using surface space for public parks and using underground space for flats, offices, shopping, and so on. A solar dome (太陽能穹頂) would cover the whole city.
Supporters of underground development argue that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The space, they say, can be used for farms, parks, gardens, and wilderness. H. G. Wells’ “moon people” would second it. Would you?
小題1:The explorers in H. G. Well’s story were surprised to find that the “moon people”     .
A．knew so much about the earth
B．understood their language
C．lived in underground cities
D．were advanced in technology
小題2:What does the underlined word “it” (paragraph 2) refer to?
A．Discovering the moon’s inner space
B．Using the earth’s inner space
C．Meeting the “moon people” again
D．Traveling to outer space
小題3:What sort of underground systems are already in place?
A．Offices, shopping areas, power stations.
B．Tunnels, car parks, shopping areas.
C．Gardens, car parks, power stations.
D．Tunnels, gardens, offices.
小題4: We can learn from the text that     .
A．H. G. Wells once went to moon himself.
B．Underground cities are more comfortable.
C．The solar dome is a necessary part of underground cities.
D．More underground systems will be in place in 2013.
小題5:What would be the best title of the text?
A．Alice Cities — cities of the future
B．Space travel with H. G. Wells
C．Enjoy living underground
D．Building down, not up

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

A victim of climate change
A polar bear's dead body found on the Arctic island of Svalbard, the northernmost part of Norway, has shocked experts who say climate change may be to blame for the death. The starved polar bear in Norway was said to be in good bones by the time a group of explorers came across its body in July．
The bear is thought to have been heading north in a desperate search for sea ice that would allow it to hunt for seals．"From his lying position in death, the bear appears to simply have starved to health in April when the Norwegian Polar Institute examined and labeled it． However, the animal was reduced to skin and bones and died where he dropped," polar bear expert Dr. Ian Stirling, a professor at the University of Alberta said, "He had external suggestion of any remaining fat, having been reduced to little more than skin and bone．"
Stirling believes the bear starved to death as a result of a lack of sea ice which the animals use as a platform for hunting seals． That may also explain why the 16-year-old male bear was found about 155 miles north of where it was seen in April．
Arctic sea ice reached a record low in 2012, according to a report released this week by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that pointed to continued signs of climate change．
The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently classifies polar bears as vulnerable on its Red List of Threatened Species．
小題1:How did Stirling know the reason for the death of the polar bear?
A．By the food he ate．B．By doing further experiments．
C．By observing other polar bears．D．By his lying position in death．
小題2:The underlined word "vulnerable" probably means _____．
A．easily hurtB．difficult to hunt
C．dangerousD．a(chǎn)mazing
小題3:What is the author's attitude to the incident?
A．Favorable．B．Uncaring．
C．Doubtful．D．Concerned．
小題4:Where does this text probably come from?
A．A novel．B．A guidebook．
C．A news report．D．An advertisement．

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Unknown to most Facebook users, the social network actually offers a lot of privacy controls and security features which can help you lock your account, so you can speak freely. If it’s used properly, you’ll never have to worry about whether you will have to “friend” your boss or your mom. You can friend anyone you want while staying comfortable in the knowledge that not everyone gets to see everything you post.
The problem with carrying out these privacy options is that they’re just too confusing for most non-tech clever people to handle. And often, most people don’t want to bother to take the time to learn. To simplify the process, we’re offering one easy step you can take today to help make your Facebook experience safer, more secure, and more private.
Just make “Friend Lists”. Yes, it will take some time, especially if you’re connected to a couple of hundred friends already. But this step, while not the quickest, is fairly simple. And it will be one of the most useful things you can do on Facebook.
Friend lists, as the name suggests, are lists for classifying your friends into various groups. The nice thing about this feature is that once you set these lists up, you won’t have to do it again. We suggest that you put your work colleagues and professional acquaintances into a friend list named “Work”, personal friends you’re not very close with into a list called “Acquaintances”, and people you’re related to into a list called “Family”. Those three main categories will separate out the groups of “friends” who you may want to hide some information from.
To create a friend list, click on “Friends” at the top of the Facebook homepage. In the left-hand column, click “Friends” again under the “Lists” section. Now you’ll see a button at the top that says “Create New List”. Click it. In the pop-up that appears, you can name your list and pick members. If you’ve ever shared an application with your friends, the process of doing this will be very familiar.
When you’ve finished making lists, you’ll be able to use them when selecting who can see what (or who can’t!) when configuring (配置) the security settings described below.
小題1:What function isn’t understood by most people on Facebook?
A．Surfing the Internet.
B．Setting safety protection.
C．Sharing personal information.
D．Making foreign friends.
小題2:What can we learn about Facebook according to the text?
A．Its process of privacy-setting is too complex.
B．It displays everything people post.
C．It lacks privacy controls and security features.
D．Its post is designed for technical people.
小題3:What advantage can we get from making friend lists?
A．We can avoid our bosses adding us as friends.
B．We can share applications with friends.
C．We can separate acquaintances from family.
D．We can hide different information from different friends.

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In the late 1970’s,many people in North America turned their attention to environmental problems ，and new steel — and — glass skyscrapers were widely criticized. Some ecologists (生態(tài)學(xué)家）pointed out that a number of tall buildings in a city often overburden public transportation.
Skyscrapers are also lavish consumers of electric power and water. In just one recent year, the addition of 17 million square feet of skyscraper office space in New York City itself has already raised the top daily demand for electricity by 120, 000 kw — enough to supply the entire city of Albany in New York area for a single day.
Glass—walled skyscrapers can also be especially wasteful. The heat loss ，or gain， through a wall of half 一 inch plate glass is more than ten times that through a typical ordinary wall filled with bricks or board. In order to decrease the pressure on heating and air — conditioning equipment, builders of skyscrapers have begun to use double—layered glass ，and reflective glasses coated with silver or gold mirror films that could reduce glare (強(qiáng)光）as well as heat gain. However, mirror — walled skyscrapers may raise the temperature of the surrounding air and affect neighboring buildings as well.
Skyscrapers put a severe pressure on a city's sanitation (衛(wèi)生）facilities, too. If fully occupied, the towers just within the central area of New York would alone produce 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year^—as much as the city size of Stanford， Connecticut, which has a population of more than 109，000.
小題1:The underlined phrase“ lavish consumers ”in the 2nd paragraph probably means ____
A．trash producersB．great spendersC．pressure makersD．poor customers
小題2:Glass walls of skyscrapers are specially mentioned in order to _____.
A．show how skyscrapers manage to lessen their pressure
B．explain why skyscrapers can control its air conditions
C．describe further how wasteful skyscrapers could be
D．present the stability of skyscrapers in modern buildings
小題3:From the last paragraph we can learn that _____.
A．central New York skyscrapers are a large waste water producer
B．the central area of New York is as large as the city of Stanford
C．more than 109，000 people live in the skyscrapers in New York
D．New York produces 2. 25 million gallons of waste water each year
小題4:When the writer talks about skyscrapers ，his tone sounds _____
A．positiveB．doubtfulC．gratefulD．negative

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Humans have sewn by hand for thousands of years. It was said that the first thread was made from animal muscle and sinew. And the earliest needles were made from bones. Since those early days, many people have been involved in the process of developing a machine that could do the same thing more quickly and with greater efficiency.
Charles Wiesenthal, who was born in Germany, designed and received a patent on a double-pointed needle that eliminated the need to turn the needle around with each stitch(縫合) in England in 1755. Other inventors of that time tried to develop a functional sewing machine, but each design had at least one serious imperfection.
Frenchman Barthelemy Thimonnier finally engineered a machine that really worked. However, he was nearly killed by a group of angry tailors when they burned down his garment factory. They feared that they would lose their jobs to the machine.
American inventor Elias Howe, born on July 9, 1819, was awarded a patent for a method of sewing that used thread from two different sources. Howe’s machine had a needle with an eye at the point, and it used the two threads to make a special stitch called a lockstitch. However, Howe faced difficulty in finding buyers for his machines in America. In frustration, he traveled to England to try to sell his invention there. When he finally returned home, he found that dozens of manufacturers were adapting his discovery for use in their own sewing machines.
Isaac Singer, another American inventor, was also a manufacturer who made improvements to the design of sewing machines. He invented an up-and-down-motion mechanism that replaced the side-to-side machines. He also developed a foot treadle(腳踏板) to power his machine. This improvement left the sewer’s hands free. Undoubtedly, it was a huge improvement of the hand-cranked machine of the past. Soon the Singer sewing machine achieved more fame than the others for it was more practical, it could be adapted to home use and it could be bought on hire-purchase. The Singer sewing machine became the first home appliance, and the Singer company became one of the first American multinationals.
However, Singer used the same method to create a lockstitch that Howe had already patented. As a result, Howe accused him of patent infringement（侵犯）. Of course, Elias Howe won the court case, and Singer was ordered to pay Howe royalties（版稅）. In the end, Howe became a millionaire, not by manufacturing the sewing machine, but by receiving royalty payments for his invention.
小題1:Barthelemy Thimonnier’s garment factory was burned down because _____________.
A．people did not know how to put out the fire
B．Elias Howe thought Thimonnier had stolen his invention
C．the sewing machines was couldn’t work finally
D．workers who feared the loss of their jobs to a machine set fire
小題2:Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A．Singer is an American inventor and manufacturer.
B．The Singer sewing company became more practical.
C．The foot treadle helped to make the sewer’s hands free.
D．Singer made improvements to the design of sewing machines.
小題3:Why did the court force Isaac Singer to pay Elisa Howe a lifetime of royalties?
A．Because the judge was against Singer for his surly attitude.
B．Because Howe had already patented the lockstitch used by Singer.
C．Because Singer had borrowed money from Howe and never repaid it.
D．Because Singer and Howe had both invented the same machine.
小題4:Which of the following would be the best title for this passage?
A．Stitch in Time Saves Nine
B．The Case between Howe and Singer
C．Patent Laws on the Sewing Machine
D．The Early History of the Sewing Machine

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

People who multitask all the time may be the worst at doing two things at once, a new research suggests. The findings, based on performances and self-evaluation by about 275 college students, indicate that many people multitask not out of a desire to increase productivity, but because they are easily distracted and can’t focus on one activity. And “those people turn out to be the worst at handling different things,” said David Sanbonmatsu, a psychologist at the University of Utah.
Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues gave the students a set of tests and asked them to report how often they multitasked, how good they thought they were at it, and how sensation-seeking (尋求刺激) or imperative (沖動(dòng)) they were. They then evaluated the participants’ multitasking ability with a tricky mental task that required the students to do simple mathematical calculations while remembering a set of letters.
Not surprisingly, the scientists said, most people thought they were better than average at multitasking, and those who thought they were better at it were more likely to report using a cellphone while driving or viewing multiple kinds of media at once. But those who frequently deal with many things at the same time were found to perform the worst at the actual multitasking test. They also were more likely to admit to sensation-seeking and impulsive behavior, which connects with how easily people get bored and distracted.
“People multitask not because it’s going to lead to greater productivity, but because they’re distractible, and they get sucked into things that are not as important.” Sanbonmatsu said.
Adam Gazzaley, a researcher at the University of California, San Francisco, who was not a member of the research group, said one limitation of the study was that it couldn’t find out whether people who start out less focused tend toward multitasking or whether people’s recognizing and understanding abilities change as a result of multitasking.
The findings do suggest, however, why the sensation-seeker who multitask the most may enjoy risky distracted driving. “People who are multitasking are generally less sensitive to risky situations.” said Paul Atchley, another researcher not in the group. “This may partly explain why people go in for these situations even though they’re dangerous.”
小題1:The research led by Sanbonmatsu indicates that people who multitask __________.
A．seek high productivity constantly
B．prefer handling different things when getting bored
C．a(chǎn)re more focused when doing many things at a time
D．have the poorest results in doing various things at the same time
小題2:When Sanbonmatsu and his colleagues conducted their research, they __________.
A．a(chǎn)ssessed the multitasking ability of the students
B．evaluated the academic achievements of the students
C．a(chǎn)nalyzed the effects of the participants’ tricky mental tasks
D．measured the changes of the students’ understanding ability
小題3:According to Sanbonmatsu, people multitask because of their __________.
A．limited power in calculation
B．interests in doing things differently
C．inability to concentrate on one task
D．impulsive desire to try new things
小題4:From the last paragraph, we can learn that multitaskers usually __________.
A．drive very skillfully
B．go in for different tasks
C．fail to react quickly to potential dangers
D．refuse to explain the reasons for their behavior

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

Last week, President Barack Obama gave a back- to-school speech to students at the Julia R. Masterman Laboratory and Demonstration School in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Students in schools across the country al­so tuned in to watch the President's speech on TV. He stressed the importance of trying new things, working hard and believing in yourself.
While admitting that times are tough for families across the country, Obama reminded students that hard work now can mean big success later. “Nobody gets to write your destiny(命運(yùn)）but you,” he said. “Your future is in your hands. Your life is what you make of it. And nothing—absolutely nothing—is beyond your reach."
Obama spoke about his own life, and lessons he learned from his mother, who had to remind him to stay focused on his studies. He told students the recipe (訣竅) for success: “Showing up to school on time. Paying attention in class. Doing your homework. Studying for exams. Staying out of trouble. ”
Obama encouraged students to embrace(欣然接受)what makes them different. “We shouldn't be em­barrassed by the things that make us different,” he said. “We should be proud of them.”
He also suggested taking advantage of all of the opportunities at your school, and always being open to trying new things. “Just because you’re not the best at something today doesn't mean you can't be tomorrow,” he said. “Even if you don't think of yourself as a math person or as a science person—you can still excel in those subjects if you're willing to make the effort. And you may find out you have talents you’d never dreamed of.”
小題1:What does Obama mainly want to tell the students in Paragraph 2?
A．Some families are experiencing a hard time.
B．Different people have different destinies.
C．They can create their own future.
D．Those who don't study hard will achieve nothing.
小題2:In Paragraph 3, Obama tried to encourage the students by _______.
A．telling an interesting story
B．sharing the secret to success
C．telling his own life experience
D．referring to some famous people
小題3:Obama suggested the students should    _________ .
A．not study hard for high marks
B．a(chǎn)ccept things that make them different
C．do what they are really interested in
D．not do things which are difficult for them
小題4:The underlined phrase “excel in” in the last para­graph means “_________”.
A．be careful with B．be attracted to
C．be interested in D．be good at

查看答案和解析>>

科目：高中英語 來源：不詳 題型：閱讀理解

In a world with limited land, water and other natural resources, the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually, the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed, and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續(xù)的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words, we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.
Today, sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study, the global market for low carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China, for example, has set its mind on leading that market, hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy, and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high speed trains. In addition, we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.
Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First, they can set high targets for reducing carbon emission (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides, stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally, governments can avoid the huge expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction, and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate (加速) the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.
The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task, but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.
小題1: The traditional business model is harmful because of all the following EXCEPT that ______.
A．it makes the world warmer
B．it consumes natural resources
C．it brings severe damage to forests
D．it makes growth hard to continue
小題2:What can we infer from Paragraph 2?
A．China lacks wind and solar energy.
B．China is the leader of the low carbon market.
C．High speed trains are a low carbon development.
D．Palm oil is made at the cost of valuable forests.
小題3:To fully develop the low carbon markets, government can ______.
A．cut public expensesB．forbid carbon emission
C．develop public resourcesD．encourage energy conservation
小題4:We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.
A．develop sustainable products
B．explore new natural resources
C．make full use of natural resources
D．deal with the major challenge
小題5:What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To introduce a new business model.
B．To compare two business models.
C．To predict a change of the global market.
D．To advocate (提倡) sustainable development.

查看答案和解析>>

同步練習(xí)冊(cè)答案