4.Three-dimensional printers are fast becoming everyday devices in the United States.Three-D printers are used to make everything from automobile parts to bone replacements for human patients.American research scientists are now working on creating replacements for living tissue.
Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina have been working on creating and manufacturing living tissue since 2003.This process is called biofabrication (生物制造).It requires special printing equipment and a special kind of ink.
Traditional printers require ink to produce an image or design on a piece of paper.For their three-D printer,the South Carolina researchers prepare complex nutritious solutions they call bio-inks.Bio-inks are made of proteins and glucose (葡萄糖),which ormally provides energy for most cells of the body.The researchers also add living cells taken from the animal that will receive the new,printed tissue.The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmetto bio-printer.
Sarah Grace Dennis is one of the researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina.She says new technology,like the Palmetto bio-printer,is a great help to the biofabrication process.
The bio-inks are placed in three dispensers (分配器),containers,inside the printer.Lasers control both the position of the printing surface and the places where the bio-ink is released.
Michael Yost is a leader of the research team.He says the printing process is fully automated-machine-operated.He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.
The researchers say bio-printing is still experimental.But they hope in a few years they may be able to print tissue to replace damaged human organs.
But there are still some problems which need to be solved.Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue.The flow of blood is important to keep the printed tissue alive.
Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.
"Tissue biofabrication is a reality,and it is a reality now,and if you come here and you get to see it.You will get to see it.You can't touch it,but you will see it and think this is real.And this is really human."
9.What can we know about the bio-inks?A
A.They are the necessities of bio-printing.
B.They only contain protens and glucose.
C.They can be placed in the traditional printers.
D.They are available in our local drugstores.
10.Which of the following is one of the concerns with biofabrication?C
A.Researchers can't find enough living cells of animals to make the bio-inks.
B.The price of the bio-printer is too high and most people can't afford it.
C.Scientists have some difficulty in getting the blood to the replacement tissue.
D.People are worried about the safety of the biofabrication process.
11.According to Michael Yost,we can infer thatD.
A.the Palmetto bio-printer can work without power
B.the Palmetto bio-printer has been used to treat the patients
C.the Palmetto bio-printer can only be found in the United States
D.the Palmetto bio-printer will have a bright future in medical use
12.The passage mainly tells us aboutB.
A.the three-D printer and its working principles
B.the bio-inks and their use in bio-printing
C.the spread use of the bio-printer in the USA
D.the growing demand for biofabrication.
分析 本文是一篇科技說明文,介紹了美國一些科研人員致力于打印活體組織替代品,其中還講了生物墨水被運用到了生物打印機中以及一些科研人員對于生物構造打印機的看法,同時還指出了這其中尚存在的一些疑慮.
解答 9.A.細節(jié)理解題.根據第三段The bio-inks are then added to a device that researchers call the Palmettobio-printer.這種生物墨水被加到研究人員稱之為棕櫚生物打印機的設備中,因此可知生物墨水是生物打印機的必需品.B選項過于絕對,生物墨水不僅僅是有蛋白質和葡萄糖組成的,他們只提供了身體大部分細胞的能量,說明還有小部分不是它們提供的,C、D在原文均沒有相關依據,故選A.
10.C.細節(jié)理解題.根據倒數第三段But there are still some problems which need to be solved.Some scientists worry about how to get blood to the replacement tissue.但是現在人們對生物構造尚有疑慮,一些科學家擔心如何讓血液進入替代組織中,故選C.
11.D.推斷理解題.根據文中Michael Yost說的the printing process is fully automated-machine-operated.He says that the Palmetto bio-printer makes it possible to create complex tissue types.這一打印過程是機器全自動操作,棕櫚生物打印機使得制造復雜的組織類型成為可能,以及下文Michael Yost hopes that more people will believe in the benefits of biofabrication.他希望更多人認可生物構造的好處,因次我們可推斷棕櫚生物打印機在藥物使用上有一個很光明的未來,故選D.
12.B.主旨推斷題.由全文內容可知,文章主要講述了生物墨水以及它在生物打印機中的應用.故選B.
點評 科教類閱讀難度比一般閱讀較大,它存在的生詞比較多,因此考生應當綜合略讀、跳讀和查讀,猜詞等閱讀技巧來做題,平時也應加強練習.