8.在下列反應(yīng)中生產(chǎn)的二氧化硫是通過(guò)還原反應(yīng)物中的含硫物質(zhì)得到的 ( )
A.工業(yè)上在空氣中燃燒硫制備二氧化硫
B.實(shí)驗(yàn)室用銅片與濃硫酸共熱
C.工業(yè)上燃燒FeS2制備二氧化硫
D.實(shí)驗(yàn)室用亞硫酸鈉與稀硫酸反應(yīng)
7.對(duì)于A2+3B2 2C的反應(yīng)來(lái)說(shuō),以下化學(xué)反應(yīng)速率的表示中,反應(yīng)速率最快的是( )
A.v(B2)=0.8mol/(L·s) B.v(A2)=0.4mol/(L·s)
C.v(C)=0.6mol/(L·s) D.v(B2)=42mol/(L·s)
6.下列變化,不能一步完成的是 ( )
A.SO2→H2SO4 B.P-PC13 C.SiO2→Na2SiO3 D.N2→NO2
5.在酸性溶液中,下列離子能大量共存的是 ( )
A.Mg2+、SO32-、MnO4-、C1- B.A13+、Fe2+、C1-、SO42-
C.K+、Na+、C1-、HCO3- D.Na+、Ba2+、NO3-、SO42-
4.下列敘述正確的是 ( )
A.離子化合物中不可能含有共價(jià)鍵 B.共價(jià)化合物中不可能含有離子鍵
C.非極性分子中一定含有非極性鍵 D.由極性鍵形成分子一定是極性分子
3.在目前的長(zhǎng)式周期表中,同一主族的兩種元素原子的核外電子數(shù)的差值可能為 ( )
A.6 B.12 C.26 D.30
2. 被稱為萬(wàn)能還原劑的NaNH4溶于水并和水反應(yīng):NaBH4+2H2O=NaBO2+4H2↑,下列說(shuō)法中正確的是(NaBH4中H為-1價(jià)) ( )
A.NaBH4既是氧化劑又是還原劑
B.NaBH4是氧化劑,H2O是還原劑
C.硼元素被氧化,氫元素被還原
D.被氧化的元素與被還原的元素質(zhì)量比為1:1
1. 空氣是人類生存所必需的重要資源。為改善空氣質(zhì)量,成都市啟動(dòng)的“藍(lán)天工程”得到了全市市民的支持。下列措施不利于“藍(lán)天工程”建設(shè)的是 ( )
A.推廣使用燃燒脫硫技術(shù),防治SO2污染
B.實(shí)施綠化工程,防治揚(yáng)塵污染
C.研制開(kāi)發(fā)烯料電池汽車,減少機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣污染
D.加大石油、煤炭的開(kāi)采速度,增加化石燃料的供應(yīng)量
3.A is to B what C is to D
教材原句
(1)A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man.
巢與鳥(niǎo)兒的關(guān)系如同房子和人的關(guān)系。
(2)A net is to a fisherman what a gun is to a hunter.
網(wǎng)與漁夫的關(guān)系就像槍與獵人一樣。
(3)Arms are to the body what branches are to a tree.
上肢與身體的關(guān)系就像樹(shù)枝和樹(shù)的關(guān)系。
特別提示
這是一個(gè)比喻句,通常用于“A對(duì)B而言正如C對(duì)D一樣”這個(gè)句型。
補(bǔ)充例句
(1)We are to them what fish is to water.
我們和他們的關(guān)系就像魚(yú)兒和水一樣。
(2)Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow.
蜂蜜與蜜蜂的關(guān)系如同牛奶和奶牛的關(guān)系。
(3)Smell is to the nose what taste is to the tongue.
嗅覺(jué)與鼻子的關(guān)系如同味覺(jué)和舌頭的關(guān)系。
(4)Furniture is to the living room what playground equipment is to the playground.
家具與居室的關(guān)系如同體育器械和操場(chǎng)的關(guān)系。
疑難突破
despite,in spite of,though
三者都有“盡管”之意,但詞性不同。前兩者為介詞,后跟名詞,通常情況下可換用。而though 是連詞,后跟句子。
應(yīng)用
(1)He’s very active ______ his age.
(2)______ all their hard work,the project ended in failure.
(3)______ it was very late,the child would not go to bed.
(4)Young ______ he was he knew a lot.
答案:(1)despite/in spite of (2)In spite of/Despite (3)Though (4)though
典例剖析
[例1](2004年遼寧,30)______ by the beauty of nature,the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm.
A.Attracting B.Attracted C.To be attracted D.Having attracted
部析: 這里考查的是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者必須和句子的主語(yǔ)保持一致,即女孩被某物所吸引,排除主動(dòng)形式的A、D兩項(xiàng);動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)表示目的,與題意不符,排除C項(xiàng)。
答案:B
[例2](2004年春季上海,42)After his journey from abroad,Richard Jones returned home,______.
A.exhausting B.exhausted
C.being exhausted D.having exhausted
剖析:過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ),其邏輯主語(yǔ)為Richard Jones。
答案:B
[例3] (2004年重慶,30)Laws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents ______.
A.worried B.to worry C.worrying D.worry
剖析:本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。備選答案是動(dòng)詞 worry的某種形式。worry多為及物動(dòng)詞,意為“使……擔(dān)心/著急”。此外,空中應(yīng)填賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),表示賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、身份等。這樣的法律使父母感到擔(dān)心,也就是說(shuō)父母被這樣的法律弄得擔(dān)心。所以賓語(yǔ)與補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有被動(dòng)的主謂關(guān)系,而過(guò)去分詞正好表示被動(dòng)意義。
答案:A
我用法語(yǔ)使人們了解我的意思。
The manager discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.
經(jīng)理討論了他們下一年想要執(zhí)行的計(jì)劃。
When he returned from abroad,he found his hometown so changed that he couldn’t recognize it.
他從國(guó)外回來(lái)時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)故鄉(xiāng)變化如此之大,以至于無(wú)法辨認(rèn)了。
2.過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)
教材原句
(1)Seen from the top,it looks as if the stadium is covered by a gray net of steel,and it looks just like a bird’s nest made of tree branches.
從頂上看,仿佛體育場(chǎng)覆蓋著灰色的鋼網(wǎng),非常像樹(shù)枝搭成的鳥(niǎo)巢。
(2)Once published,his work became famous for the absence of rhyme at the end of each line.
他的詩(shī)作發(fā)表后,因?yàn)樾形膊谎喉嵍螳@其名。
特別提示
過(guò)去分詞(短語(yǔ))作狀語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)之間存在邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。
補(bǔ)充例句
(1)(2004年全國(guó)Ⅲ,25)It shames me to say it,but I told a lie when questioned at the meeting by my boss.
說(shuō)來(lái)不好意思,在會(huì)上被老板質(zhì)問(wèn)時(shí)我撒了謊。
(2)(2004年湖北,28)When compared with the size of the whole earth,the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
與地球相比,最大的海洋一點(diǎn)也不顯得大。
(3)Faced with the threat of water shortages,Beijing and Shanghai will take effective measures to save water and protect water resources.
面臨水資源短缺的威脅,北京和上海將采取有效措施來(lái)節(jié)水和保護(hù)水資源。
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