3、復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)不定式:由for + 名詞(或代詞賓格)+ 動(dòng)詞不定式即構(gòu)成復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞不定式。其中for本身無意義。for后面的名詞或代詞是不定式的邏輯主語,這種不定式在句中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語或狀語,如:It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 當(dāng)作表語用的形容詞表示不定式的邏輯主語的性質(zhì)或特征時(shí),就用介詞of而不用for引出不定式的邏輯主語,這些形容詞一般有g(shù)ood, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等,如:It is very kind of you to help him every day.
2、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法:動(dòng)詞不定式能起名詞、形容詞和副詞的作用,可在句中作主語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、定語和狀語用,如:
(1)作主語:To help each other is good.(動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí),一般可用it作形式主語,而將作主語的動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末,如:It is good to help each other.
(2)作表語:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 動(dòng)詞不定式在系動(dòng)詞be之后作表語,與表示將來時(shí)的be + 動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)有所區(qū)別,如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們的計(jì)劃是給農(nóng)民子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為is,動(dòng)詞不定式to set up… 為表語,主語為plan,但plan并不是動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語,即動(dòng)詞不定式 to set up所表示的動(dòng)作不是主語plan產(chǎn)生的。)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我們將為農(nóng)民的子弟再成立一所中學(xué)。(句中的are to set up整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)為句中謂語,主語為we,同時(shí)也是動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作的邏輯主語,即動(dòng)詞不定式to set up所表示的動(dòng)作是由we產(chǎn)生的)。
(3)作賓語:①作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語,如:She wishes to be a musician.;②作某些形容詞的賓語:可以有動(dòng)詞不定式為賓語的形容詞一般有g(shù)lad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等,如:I am determined to give up smoking.;③動(dòng)詞不定式一般不作介詞的賓語,但動(dòng)詞不定式之前如有疑問詞時(shí),就可作介詞的賓語,如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
(4)作賓語補(bǔ)足語,如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的謂語動(dòng)詞為see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等,作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞不定式須將to省去,如:I saw a little girl run across the street.
(5)動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作賓語,如帶有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),須先用it作形式賓語,而將該動(dòng)詞不定式后置,如:I don’t think it right to do it that way.
(6)作定語:動(dòng)詞不定式作定語時(shí),須位于被其修飾的名詞或代詞之后,如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定語用的動(dòng)詞不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞,不定式后面就要用必要的介詞,如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way,不定式后面的介詞,習(xí)慣上可以省去,如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. (7)作狀語:動(dòng)詞不定式可以作下列的狀語:①目的狀語: Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 為了強(qiáng)調(diào)不定式表示目的的作用,可在不定式前加in order to或so as to(以便或?yàn)榱?,但應(yīng)注意in order to位于句首或句中均可,而so as to不能位于句首,如:She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 將表示目的的不定式置于句首,也可強(qiáng)調(diào)目的的作用,如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②結(jié)果狀語:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他們活到親眼見到了他們家鄉(xiāng)的解放。③too + 形容詞或副詞 + 動(dòng)詞不定式,表示“足能…”的結(jié)果,如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
1、動(dòng)詞不定式的形式變化:動(dòng)詞不定式有下列時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的形式變化。
語態(tài)式 |
一般式 |
完成式 |
進(jìn)行式 |
完成進(jìn)行式 |
主 動(dòng) |
to build |
to have built |
to be building |
to have been building |
被 動(dòng) |
to be build |
to have been build |
|
|
15.(2008·荊州中學(xué))已知定義域?yàn)镽的二次函數(shù)f(x)的最小值為0且有f(1+x)=f(1-x),直線g(x)=4(x-1)被f(x)的圖象截得的弦長(zhǎng)為4,數(shù)列{an}滿足a1=2,(an+1-an)·g(an)+f(an)=0(n∈N*).
(1)求函數(shù)f(x);
(2)求數(shù)列{an}的通項(xiàng)公式;
(3)設(shè)bn=3f(an)-g(an+1),求數(shù)列{bn}的最值及相應(yīng)的n.
解:(1)設(shè)f(x)=a(x-1)2(a>0),
則直線g(x)=4(x-1)與y=f(x)圖象的兩個(gè)交點(diǎn)為(1,0),,
∵=4(a>0),
∴a=1,f(x)=(x-1)2.
(2)f(an)=(an-1)2,g(an)=4(an-1),
∵(an+1-an)·4(an-1)+(an-1)2=0,
∴(an-1)(4an+1-3an-1)=0.
∵a1=2,∴an≠1,4an+1-3an-1=0,
an+1-1=(an-1),a1-1=1,
數(shù)列{an-1}是首項(xiàng)為1,公比為的等比數(shù)列,
∴an-1=n-1,an=n-1+1.
(3)bn=3(an-1)2-4(an+1-1)
=32-4n
=3
令bn=y,u=n-1,則
y=3=32-.
∵n∈Z*,∴u的值分別為1,,,,…,經(jīng)比較距最近,∴當(dāng)n=3時(shí),bn有最小值是-,
當(dāng)n=1時(shí),bn有最大值是0.
14.(2009·重慶一測(cè))某家報(bào)刊銷售點(diǎn)從報(bào)社買進(jìn)報(bào)紙的價(jià)格是每份0.35元,賣出的價(jià)格是每份0.50元,賣不掉的報(bào)紙還可以每份0.08元的價(jià)格退回報(bào)社.在一個(gè)月(30天)里,有20天每天可以賣出400份,其余10天每天只能賣出250份.設(shè)每天從報(bào)社買進(jìn)的報(bào)紙的數(shù)量相同,則應(yīng)該每天從報(bào)社買進(jìn)多少份報(bào)紙,才能使每月獲得的利潤最大?并計(jì)算該銷售點(diǎn)一個(gè)月最多可賺得多少元?
解:設(shè)每天應(yīng)從報(bào)社買進(jìn)x份報(bào)紙,易知250≤x≤400.
設(shè)每月賺得y元,則
y=0.5·x·20+0.5×250×10+(x-250)×0.08×10-0.35·x·30=0.3x+1050(250≤x≤400),
易知當(dāng)x=400時(shí),ymax=120+1050=1170.
故應(yīng)該每天從報(bào)社買進(jìn)400份報(bào)紙,才能使每月所獲得的利潤最大,該銷售點(diǎn)一個(gè)月最多可賺得1170元.
13.已知函數(shù)f(x)對(duì)任意的實(shí)數(shù)x,y都有f(x+y)=f(x)+f(y)+2y(x+y)+1,且f(1)=1.
(1)若x∈N?,試求f(x)的表達(dá)式;
(2)若x∈N?且x≥2時(shí),不等式f(x)≥(a+7)x-(a+10)恒成立,求實(shí)數(shù)a的取值范圍.
解:(1)令y=1,則f(x+1)=f(x)+f(1)+2(x+1)+1,∴f(x+1)-f(x)=2x+4.
∴當(dāng)x∈N?時(shí),有f(2)-f(1)=2×1+4,f(3)-f(2)=2×2+4,f(4)-f(3)=2×3+4,…,f(x)-f(x-1)=2(x-1)+4;
將上面各式相加得:f(x)=x2+3x-3(x∈N?).
(2)∵當(dāng)x∈N?且x≥2時(shí),f(x)=x2+3x-3,
∴不等式f(x)≥(a+7)x-(a+10)恒成立,
即為當(dāng)x∈N?,且x≥2時(shí)不等式x2+3x-3≥(a+7)x-(a+10)恒成立,即x2-4x+7≥a(x-1)恒成立.
∵x≥2,∴≥a恒成立.
又=(x-1)+-2≥2(當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)x-1=即x=3時(shí)取“=”).
∴的最小值是2,故a≤2.
12.(1)求函數(shù)f(x)=的定義域;
(2)已知函數(shù)f(2x)的定義域是[-1,1],求f(log2x)的定義域.
解:(1)要使函數(shù)有意義,則只需要:
,即,
解得-3<x<0或2<x<3.
故函數(shù)的定義域是(-3,0)∪(2,3).
(2)∵y=f(2x)的定義域是[-1,1],
即-1≤x≤1,∴≤2x≤2.
∴函數(shù)y=f(log2x)中≤log2x≤2.
即log2≤log2x≤log24,∴≤x≤4.
故函數(shù)f(log2x)的定義域?yàn)閇,4].
11.設(shè)函數(shù)f(x)=logax(a>0,a≠1),函數(shù)g(x)=-x2+bx+c且f(2+)-f(+1)=,g(x)的圖象過點(diǎn)A(4,-5)及B(-2,-5),則a=________;函數(shù)f[g(x)]的定義域?yàn)開_______.
答案:2,(-1,3)
解析:由f(2+)-f(+1)=,得
loga=loga2=,∴a=2.
又g(x)的圖象過點(diǎn)(4,-5)及(-2,-5),
∴-16+4b+c=-5且-4-2b+c=-5,
解得b=2,c=3.
∴f[g(x)]=log2(-x2+2x+3).
由-x2+2x+3>0得-1<x<3.
10.已知a,b為常數(shù),若f(x)=x2+4x+3,f(ax+b)=x2+10x+24,則5a-b=________.
答案:2
解析:由f(x)=x2+4x+3,f(ax+b)=x2+10x+24,得
(ax+b)2+4(ax+b)+3=x2+10x+24,
即a2x2+2abx+b2+4ax+4b+3=x2+10x+24.
比較系數(shù)得
求得a=-1,b=-7,或a=1,b=3,則5a-b=2.
9.(2009·重慶第一次調(diào)研·理)定義在實(shí)數(shù)集R上的偶函數(shù)f(x)滿足f(x-1)=f(x+1).當(dāng)x∈[2,3]時(shí),f(x)=x,則x∈[-2,0]時(shí),f(x)=________.
答案:
解析:∵f(x-1)=f(x+1),
∴f(x)=f(x+2)=f(x+4).
設(shè)x∈[-2,-1],則x+4∈[2,3].
∴x∈[-2,-1]時(shí),f(x)=f(x+4)=x+4.
又f(x)=f(x+2)且f(x)=f(-x),
∴f(-x)=f(x+2),即f(x)=f(2-x).
設(shè)x∈[-1,0]時(shí),2-x∈[2,3],
∴x∈[-1,0]時(shí),f(x)=f(2-x)=2-x.
∴x∈[-2,0]時(shí),f(x)=
百度致信 - 練習(xí)冊(cè)列表 - 試題列表
湖北省互聯(lián)網(wǎng)違法和不良信息舉報(bào)平臺(tái) | 網(wǎng)上有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 電信詐騙舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉歷史虛無主義有害信息舉報(bào)專區(qū) | 涉企侵權(quán)舉報(bào)專區(qū)
違法和不良信息舉報(bào)電話:027-86699610 舉報(bào)郵箱:58377363@163.com