4.(安徽卷30). He had wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the word
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
3.(全國(guó)卷II 11).Though ______ to see us,the professor gave us a warm welcome。
A. surprise B was surprised C. surprised D. being surprised
2.(全國(guó)I 34).With Father’s Day around the corner, I have taken some money out of the bank______ presents
for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
1.(全國(guó)I 27). Mrs. White showed her student some old maps _________from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
2、-ing形式與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別:
(1)語(yǔ)態(tài)不同:-ing形式表示主動(dòng)概念,及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)概念。an inspiring speech鼓舞人心的演說(shuō);the inspired audience受鼓舞的聽(tīng)眾。
(2)時(shí)間關(guān)系不同:現(xiàn)在分詞所表示的動(dòng)作一般是正在進(jìn)行中的動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去分詞所表示的動(dòng)作,往往是已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,如:The changing world正在發(fā)生的世界;the changed world已經(jīng)起了變化的世界。
歷年真題演練(1999--2010)
2010年全國(guó)真題:
1、過(guò)去分詞的基本用法:過(guò)去分詞只有一種形式,也沒(méi)有主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),它所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)被動(dòng)的或是已完成的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去分詞在句中也可用作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)等成分。過(guò)去分詞在句中作某種成分時(shí),其邏輯主語(yǔ)一般為該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者,如:
(1)作定語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),如果這個(gè)分詞是一個(gè)單詞,就位于其修飾的名詞之前,如果是分詞短語(yǔ),就位于其修飾的名詞之后。被過(guò)去分詞所修飾的名詞,就是該分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ),如:The stolen car was found by the police last week.
(2)作表語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),表示其邏輯主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài),其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是句中的主語(yǔ),如:The glass is broken.這個(gè)玻璃杯是破的。 注:過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),和動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似,但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同,如:The glass was broken by my little brother.這個(gè)玻璃杯是被我小弟弟打破的。作表語(yǔ)用的過(guò)去分詞在許多詞典中已列為形容詞,如:crowded, devoted, discouraged, done, dressed, drunk, experienced, frightened, gone, hurt, interested, killed, known, learned, lost, pleased, satisfied, shut, surprised, tired, undressed, worried, astonished, broken, completed, covered等。
(3)作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),句中的賓語(yǔ)就是其邏輯主語(yǔ),如:When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 注:動(dòng)詞have后的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)中,賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)如為過(guò)去分詞,常表示該分詞所表示的動(dòng)作是由別人來(lái)執(zhí)行的而不是句中主語(yǔ)自己來(lái)執(zhí)行的,如:I had my bike repaired yesterday. 昨天我(找別人)把我的自行車給修了。
(4)作狀語(yǔ):過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句,該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般都是主句的主語(yǔ),是過(guò)去分詞所表示意義的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。為了使作狀語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞意義更加明確,常在分詞前加when, if, while, though, as等連詞,如:Seen from the hill/ When seen from the hill, our town looks beautiful.; Given more time/ If given more time, we could have done it better.(we是該結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ),是give的邏輯賓語(yǔ)。)
獨(dú)立主格:上述-ing和過(guò)去分詞的用法中,-ing和過(guò)去分詞在句中均有邏輯主語(yǔ),但有時(shí)它們也能有自己的獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ),這種獨(dú)立的主語(yǔ),一般為名詞或代詞,位于其前之前,和-ing或過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格。獨(dú)立主格在句中一般只作狀語(yǔ)用,而-ing和過(guò)去分詞作用的形式,則要根據(jù)它們所表示的動(dòng)作和句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的時(shí)間關(guān)系而定。至于獨(dú)立主格中是使用-ing或是過(guò)去分詞,則要根據(jù)它們的主語(yǔ)和其所表示的動(dòng)作的主動(dòng)被動(dòng)關(guān)系而定,如:The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. 注:The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest. ①獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的being或having been常可省去,如:The meeting (being) over, all left the room. ②作伴隨狀語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)常可用with短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替,如:She read the letter, tears rolling down her cheeks./ She read the letter with tears rolling down her cheeks.
10、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式在句作狀語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間、原因、方式或伴隨情況,而動(dòng)詞不定式一般式在句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),一般是作目的或結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),如:Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again./ I looked into the window to see what was going on inside.
非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞(三)--過(guò)去分詞
(三)過(guò)去分詞:
9、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。(1)不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后,如:I have told them to come again tomorrow.(2)在see, watch, hear, feel等之后,如果用-ing形式作賓補(bǔ),表示其動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行中,而用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí),不定式所表示的動(dòng)作是一個(gè)動(dòng)作的過(guò)程,如:I hear her singing in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她正在屋里唱歌。 I hear her sing in the room.我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)她在屋里唱過(guò)歌。
8、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別。-ing形式作定語(yǔ)用時(shí),其動(dòng)作一般與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生,而動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí),其動(dòng)作一般發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之后。如:The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well./I have three letters to write.
7、-ing形式與動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的區(qū)別。一般說(shuō)來(lái),表示一個(gè)比較抽象或泛指的動(dòng)作時(shí)多用-ing形式。表示一個(gè)具體某一次的動(dòng)作時(shí),多用動(dòng)詞不定式,如:Our job is making steel. She likes playing the piano, but she doesn't want to play it today.
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