Question

9．證明：${∫}_{x}^{1}$$\frac{dx}{1+{x}^{2}}$=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{dx}{1+{x}^{2}}$（x＞0）．

Answer 1

分析 令x=$\frac{1}{u}$，則dx=-$\frac{1}{u^2}$du，左邊=${∫}_{x}^{1}$$\frac{dx}{1+{x}^{2}}$=${∫}_{\frac{1}{x}}^{1}$$\frac{1}{1+（\frac{1}{u}）^2}$•（-$\frac{1}{u^2}$）du=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{1}{u^2+1}$du=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{dx}{x^2+1}$=右邊．

解答 證明：令x=$\frac{1}{u}$，則dx=d$\frac{1}{u}$=-$\frac{1}{u^2}$du，所以，
左邊=${∫}_{x}^{1}$$\frac{dx}{1+{x}^{2}}$=${∫}_{\frac{1}{x}}^{1}$$\frac{1}{1+（\frac{1}{u}）^2}$•（-$\frac{1}{u^2}$）du
=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{1}{1+（\frac{1}{u}）^2}$•$\frac{1}{u^2}$du
=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{1}{u^2+1}$du
=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{dx}{x^2+1}$
=右邊．
因此，${∫}_{x}^{1}$$\frac{dx}{1+{x}^{2}}$=${∫}_{1}^{\frac{1}{x}}$$\frac{dx}{x^2+1}$．

點評 本題主要考查了定積分的運算，以及運用換元法證明積分恒等式，屬于中檔題．