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伽利略用兩個對接的斜面,一個斜面固定,讓小球從斜面上滾下,又滾上另一個傾角可以改變的斜面,斜面傾角逐漸改變至零,如圖所示.伽利略設(shè)計這個實驗的目的是為了說明(    )                                  

                                                                  

    A.  如果沒有摩擦,小球?qū)⑦\動到與釋放時相同的高度

    B.  如果沒有摩擦,物體運動時機械能守恒

    C.  維持物體作勻速直線運動并不需要力

    D.  如果物體不受到力,就不會運動

                                                                                                                                    

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下列對牛頓運動定律認識正確的是(                                       )                                  

    A.  牛頓第一定律揭示了一切物體都具有慣性

    B.  速度大的物體慣性大,速度小的物體慣性小

    C.  力是維持物體運動的原因

    D.  做曲線運動的質(zhì)點,若將所有外力都撤去,則該質(zhì)點仍可能做曲線運動

                                                                                                                                    

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下列說法中正確的是(                                                            )                                  

    A.  運動得越快的汽車越不容易停下來,是因為汽車運動得越快慣性越大

    B.  馬能夠把車拉動,是因為馬拉車的力大于車拉馬的力

    C.  跳高運動員從地面上跳起時,地面給運動員的支持力大于運動員受到的重力

    D.  做平拋運動的物體,在空中的飛行時間由拋出時的高度和初速度共同決定

                                                                                                                                    

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如圖所示,水平絕緣光滑軌道AB的B端與處于豎直平面內(nèi)的四分之一圓弧形粗糙絕緣軌道BC平滑連接,圓弧的半徑R=0.40m.在軌道所在空間存在水平向右的勻強電場,電場強度E=1.0×104  N/C.現(xiàn)有一質(zhì)量m=0.10kg的帶電體(可視為質(zhì)點)放在水平軌道上與B端距離s=1.0m的位置,由于受到電場力的作用帶電體由靜止開始運動,當運動到圓弧形軌道的C端時,速度恰好為零.已知帶電體所帶電荷q=8.0×105C,取g=10m/s2,求:                                

(1)帶電體在水平軌道上運動的加速度大小及運動到B端時的速度大;                                       

(2)帶電體運動到圓弧形軌道的B端時對圓弧軌道的壓力大;                                              

(3)帶電體沿圓弧形軌道運動過程中,電場力和摩擦力對帶電體所做的功各是多少.                                           

                                                                                           

                                                                                                                                        

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如圖所示為兩組平行板金屬板,一組豎直放置,一組水平放置,今有一質(zhì)量為m的電量為e的電子靜止在豎直放置的平行金屬板的A點,經(jīng)電壓U0加速后通過B點進入兩板間距為d、電壓為U的水平放置的平行金屬板間,若電子從兩塊水平平行板的正中間射入,且最后電子剛好能從右側(cè)的兩塊平行金屬板穿出,A、B分別為兩塊豎直板的中點,求:                                                                                                                                           

(1)電子通過B點時的速度大小;                                                                                 

(2)右側(cè)平行金屬板的長度;                                                                                        

(3)電子穿出右側(cè)平行金屬板時的動能和速度方向.                                                         

                                                                               

                                                                                                                                        

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如圖,一個質(zhì)量為0.6kg                                        的小球以某一初速度從P點水平拋出,恰好從光滑圓弧ABC的A點的切線方向進入圓。ú挥嬁諝庾枇,進入圓弧時無機械能損失).已知圓弧的半徑R=0.3m,θ=60°,小球到達A點時的速度                                                                             v=4m/s.取g=10m/s2,求:                          

(1)小球做平拋運動的初速度v0;                                                                                 

(2)P點與A點的高度差;                                                                                            

(3)小球到達圓弧最高點C時對軌道的壓力.                                                                

                                                                                                 

                                                                                                                                        

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如圖所示,在海濱游樂場里有一種滑沙運動.某人坐在滑板上從斜坡的高處A點由靜止開始滑下,滑到斜坡底端B點后,沿水平的滑道再滑行一段距離到C點停下來.若人和滑板的總質(zhì)量m=60kg,滑板與斜坡滑道和水平滑道間的動摩擦因數(shù)均為μ=0.50,斜坡的傾角θ=37°(sin37°=0.6,cos37°=0.8),斜坡與水平滑道間是平滑連接的,整個運動過程中空氣阻力忽略不計,重力加速度g取10m/s2.求:                                                                                

(1)人從斜坡上滑下的加速度為多大?                                                                          

(2)若AB的長度為25m,人滑到B處時速度為多大?                                                       

(3)若AB的長度為25m,求BC的長度為多少?                                                           

                                                                                          

                                                                                                                                        

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在“驗證機械能守恒定律”的實驗中,某同學(xué)操作規(guī)范,用220V,50Hz的打點計時器打出的紙帶如下圖所示,A點為打下的第一個點,0、1、2、3、4、5、6為連續(xù)的點,現(xiàn)測得S1、S2、S3、S4、S5、S6分別為4.03cm、4.42cm、4.80cm、5.18cm、5.57cm、5.95cm.                                                                                                           

                                            

(1)在“驗證機械能守恒定律”的實驗中,下列敘述正確的是                                                

A.安裝打點計時器時,兩紙帶限位孔應(yīng)在同一豎直線上                                                     

B.實驗時,在松開紙帶讓重物下落的同時,應(yīng)立即接通電源                                              

C.若紙帶上開頭打出的幾點模糊不清,也可設(shè)法用后面清晰的點進行驗證                                       

D.測量重物下落高度必須從起始點算起                                                                          

(2)若重錘質(zhì)量為1kg,g取9.8m/s2,打第5號計數(shù)點時,重錘運動的瞬時速度大小為     m/s,重錘的動能為                                                                                      J.已知第五號點離A點距離為44.10cm,則重錘下落過程中重力勢能減少了                                                                                        J.(結(jié)果均保留三位有效數(shù)字).驗證結(jié)果是重錘增加的動能略小于它減少的重力勢能,其主要原因是                               

                                                                                                                                        

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一小組用如圖所示裝置測定滑塊與斜面間的動摩擦因數(shù).斜面下端固定一光電門,上端由靜止釋放一帶有遮光條的滑塊,滑塊沿斜面加速通過光電門.                                                                                          

(1)要測量木板與斜面間的動摩擦因數(shù),除了已知當?shù)刂亓铀俣萭及遮光條寬度d、遮光時間t,還應(yīng)測量的物理量是下列選項中的                                                                                 ;                                  

A.滑塊的長度L                                                                                                              

B.斜面的傾角θ                                                                                                              

C.滑塊的質(zhì)量m                                                                                                             

D.釋放滑塊時遮光條到光電門間的距離x                                                                       

(2)用上述物理量表示滑塊與斜面間動摩擦因數(shù)μ=                            .                            

                                                                                            

                                                                                                                                        

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(1)用一主尺最小分度為1mm,游標上有20個分度的卡尺測量一工件的長度,結(jié)果如圖1所示.可以讀出此工件的長度為                                                                                               cm.                              

                                               

(2)如圖2中給出的是用螺旋測微器測量一金屬薄板厚度時的示數(shù),此讀數(shù)應(yīng)為           mm.                                      

                                                                                                                                        

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